Robust memory pattern encoded in a biofilm with single-cell resolution

A complex, UCSD Geisel library memory pattern, is encoded to the biofilm through blue light exposure. Fluorescence time-lapse movie of ThT fluorescence (cyan) showing the membrane potential dynamics during natural fluctuations in extracellular potassium. The light-exposed (Geisel library pattern) and unexposed region (rest of biofilm) respond differently to extracellular potassium fluctuations, in an anti-phase manner. Furthermore, the light-exposed region remains visible after cycles of extracellular potassium fluctuations, showing the persistence and robustness of memory patterns.

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